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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tor-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cranberry, bilberry 2 elder 3 mossface="Times New Roman Star"1 клюква, черника 2 бузина 3 мох









face="Times New Roman Star"torslas 2 (Sag.), torbas 3face="Times New Roman Star"torslas? 2, torbas 3, torbas c?estegi 1face="Times New Roman Star"torbos 1, 3















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 490, Дмитриева 181, 192. A local Siberian word with somewhat unclear morphological structure.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ug-ur-, *ug-ra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to meet, go to meet; to intend 2 occasion, reason, timeface="Times New Roman Star"1 встречать, направляться к; намереваться 2 случай, причина, разface="Times New Roman Star"ug|ra- 1, ug|ur 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ug|ra- 1, ug|ur 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ug|ra- 1, u:r 2
face="Times New Roman Star"og|ur 2 (R), ug|ra- 1 (Бор. Бад.)face="Times New Roman Star"u:r 2 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ug|ur 2face="Times New Roman Star"uGra- 1, uGur 2












face="Times New Roman Star"og|ur 2face="Times New Roman Star"u:r 2, u:ra- 1face="Times New Roman Star"og|ur 2, og|ra- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"og|ur 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 89, 91, ЭСТЯ 1, 564-565, TMN 2, 604. Turk. > MMong. (MA) ug|ra- (see Щербак 1997, 198).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo:n/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 black currants 2 hazel-nutface="Times New Roman Star"1 черная смородина 2 орех













face="Times New Roman Star"mъjъr 2face="Times New Roman Star"mo:n/n/og|on 1












face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 1, 346. Cf. also Yak. dial. majyara 'raspberry'. Chuv. > Hung. mogyo/ro 'hazelnut'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"glinface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pheasantface="Times New Roman Star"фазан
face="Times New Roman Star"su"glin, su"vlin (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"su"lu"n
face="Times New Roman Star"su"lgu"n, su"glu"n (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"su"lgu"n


face="Times New Roman Star"su"lgu"nface="Times New Roman Star"su"len 'heron'face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"len 'heron, stork' (?)













face="Times New Roman Star"su"jlin (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 435, EDT 820-821, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su:kakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"antelope, deerface="Times New Roman Star"антилопа, оленьface="Times New Roman Star"suqaq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"suqaq (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"soqaq (AH), syqaq (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"so:g|aq (dial.)














face="Times New Roman Star"sog|aq, sog|ax


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 808, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sil-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 spittle, saliva 2 slimeface="Times New Roman Star"1 слюна, плевок 2 слизь

face="Times New Roman Star"sel, selik (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"silik (Ettuhf.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ilik 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ilim, s?illik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"selik 1









face="Times New Roman Star"sila"ma"ga"j (R.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"si>lemej 1







face="Times New Roman Star"See ЭСТЯ 7. Most of the Turkic words for 'saliva' are attested late and look like borrowings < Mong. silu"-kej; Yak. sil must also be borrowed (because of initial s-), perhaps from Mong. silo"-su" (with secondary loss of suffix?). The above forms, however, can be hardly explained as mongolisms.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"ri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 a measure of capacity 2 a k. of basket for vegetablesface="Times New Roman Star"1 мера объема 2 вид корзины для овощейface="Times New Roman Star"ku"ri 1 (OUygh.) 'peck (2 and 1/2 bushels)'face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rin 2 (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re| 1face="Times New Roman Star"k`o.r (10,35 l) 1




















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 737, 746.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEreku"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 tent, yurt 2 grating of the yurtface="Times New Roman Star"1 юрта 2 решетка юртыface="Times New Roman Star"kereku" 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kereku" 1 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"gerege 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"keraga 2


face="Times New Roman Star"gerege 2

face="Times New Roman Star"kerege 2





face="Times New Roman Star"kerege 2face="Times New Roman Star"kerege 2face="Times New Roman Star"kerege 2face="Times New Roman Star"kira"ga" 2


face="Times New Roman Star"kerege 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 255, TMN 3, 592, EDT 744, ЭСТЯ 3, 24-25, Лексика 503.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bunarface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"mistface="Times New Roman Star"туман


face="Times New Roman Star"monar














face="Times New Roman Star"munarface="Times New Roman Star"munarface="Times New Roman Star"munarface="Times New Roman Star"munar, monar


face="Times New Roman Star"munar

face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 35-36. A Kypchak root, but hardly borrowed from Mong. (because of the -u-vocalism); perhaps it is rather a modification of indigenous *bun|ar (*-n|- would be expected in Turkic) under Mong. influence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*be.lel/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rowanface="Times New Roman Star"рябина


face="Times New Roman Star"miles?




face="Times New Roman Star"meles?

face="Times New Roman Star"pa"la"
face="Times New Roman Star"piles?






face="Times New Roman Star"mila"s?





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 338.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iler-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be dimly visibleface="Times New Roman Star"быть смутно видимым
face="Times New Roman Star"iler- (MK)









face="Times New Roman Star"eles 'silhouette, ghost', eleste- 'be dimly visible'















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 150. The form attested in MK cannot be a mongolism (primarily for semantic reasons); however, Mong. ilere- also cannot be a Turkism, being rather derived from Mong. ile. Modern Turkic forms - Tuva ilere-, Oyr. iler- 'to become visible' are obvious late mongolisms.
face="Times New Roman Star"*eg-du"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a curved knifeface="Times New Roman Star"кривой ножface="Times New Roman Star"egdu" (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"egdu" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"egdi (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"egdi



face="Times New Roman Star"avdъface="Times New Roman Star"ia"t


face="Times New Roman Star"ijdi








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 102, VEWT 37. The semantics must have been secondarily influenced by *eg- 'to bend, curve'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap-, *c?opurface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 pock-marked, variegated 2 badly bred, sloppy 3 to appear (of rash, furuncles)face="Times New Roman Star"1 пестрый, рябой 2 непородистый, неряшливый 3 высыпать (о сыпи, чирьях)

face="Times New Roman Star"c?opur 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ubar 'cheval gris de fer', c?ibar 'grey, mottled (horse)' (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ipo|r 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ipa(r) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?opur 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?opur 1







face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?obur 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1face="Times New Roman Star"sa"ba"rt- 'to appear (of rash on lips)', sybar 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?apyr- 3, c?ubar 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybar- 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybar, cybar 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ubar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apyr- 3, c?opur 1, c?ubar 'variegated'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 116, 118-119, Егоров 320, Федотов 2, 403. An expressive and late attested root; appears, however, to be reconstructable for PT. The original shape is probably *c?ap- (preserved in c?ap-yr- 'to appear (of rash)', with further labial assimilation into *c?opur. The frequently attested variant c?upar > c?ubar is most probably a result of contamination *c?opur and *c?ubar (reflected in Tat. c?uwar, Kirgh. c?a:r that can only reflect *-b-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?yk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to go out, come outface="Times New Roman Star"выходить
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"c?yk-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq- (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?iq-face="Times New Roman Star"c?iq-
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yx-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq-face="Times New Roman Star"syx-face="Times New Roman Star"s?yq-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq-

face="Times New Roman Star"syg|aryj- 'to move, be displaced' (?)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq-face="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|-/q-face="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|-/q-face="Times New Roman Star"syq-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|-/q-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq-face="Times New Roman Star"c?yq-face="Times New Roman Star"s?yg|-/q-
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|-/q-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 405-406, VEWT 107-108.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ajyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"resin, tarface="Times New Roman Star"смола, деготь


face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jyr














face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyrface="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyrface="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyrface="Times New Roman Star"sajyrface="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr

face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyrface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95.
face="Times New Roman Star"*otgunface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a broad strap on the left side of the saddle to which the buckle of the girth is fastened and secured with its tongueface="Times New Roman Star"широкий ремень, к которому прикрепляется подпруга
face="Times New Roman Star"otg|un (utg|un) (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Terkiface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"table, portable tableface="Times New Roman Star"столик
face="Times New Roman Star"tergi (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"tirki (CCum.)



















face="Times New Roman Star"tirki 'sacrificial table'


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 544.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sygraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 valley 2 interval between two fingersface="Times New Roman Star"1 долина 2 промежуток между пальцами
face="Times New Roman Star"syg|ra 1 (MK - Oghuz), syg|raq (AH) 2


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, EDT 815.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to pierceface="Times New Roman Star"прокалывать, вонзатьface="Times New Roman Star"saj- (OUygh.)




face="Times New Roman Star"saj-



face="Times New Roman Star"saj-face="Times New Roman Star"saj-





face="Times New Roman Star"saj-








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 400, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/ak, *Kyr/aguface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sledgeface="Times New Roman Star"сани

face="Times New Roman Star"kyzakface="Times New Roman Star"qyzaw 'кузов'face="Times New Roman Star"qyzaq (AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq 'кровать'
face="Times New Roman Star"xiza"k












face="Times New Roman Star"qud|y 'лукошко'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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